Garlic and its constituents suppress tumour biomarker aberrant crypt foci (ACF), NF-κB, anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2, cIAP1/2, and XIAP), and inflammatory genes (iNOS and COX-2), and EGFR, whereas it induces apoptotic gene expression (Ban et al., 2007; Ngo et al., 2007; Saud et al., 2016; Mondal et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and neoplasm.