NOD1 and NOD2 can be detected in various prostate lesions, including prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), phyllodes-like tumors, and adenocarcinoma in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) (Kang et al., 2012). The gene discussed is NOD2; the disease is prostate intraepithelial neoplasia.