In particular, autosomal-recessive deficiencies in IRF7 and IFNAR1 and autosomal-dominant deficiencies in TLR3, TBK1, IRF3, IRF7, IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 genes have been found in a small percentage of patients with severe influenza and COVID-19 (Ciancanelli et al., 2015; Lim et al., 2019; Thomsen et al., 2019). Here, IRF7 is linked to influenza.