AR and posterior cortical atrophy: The abnormal activation of androgen receptor (AR) is thought to play a vital role in the tumorigenesis and progression of androgen-dependent prostate cancer (PCa) (Zhu and Kyprianou 2008), and androgens were previously shown to enhance the response of IL-6/STAT3 axis (Ueda et al., 2002; Tam et al., 2007).