Furthermore, our data indicate that the metabolic phenotype of MUL1(−/−) cells is distinct from the glycolytic state observed in cancer cells (Warburg effect), where increased pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) switch OXPHOS to glycolysis (Park et al., 2018; Li et al., 2019). Here, MUL1 is linked to cancer.