Studies by Hundemer and colleagues found that patients with PA treated with medications with persistent renin suppression (PRA < 1 ng/ml/h) remained at high cardiovascular risk of ischemic events, atrial fibrillation, and cardiac death, whereas those with unsuppressed renin (PRA ≥ 1 ng/ml/h) had similar risk to patients with EH (10, 23). This evidence concerns the gene REN and atrial fibrillation.