LCN2 and chronic kidney disease: Urine markers thus serve as an effective method for detecting CKD and predicting the progression of CKD [11, 12], such as urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP7) [13–15].