Firstly, targeted gene sequencing successively identified FLT3‐ITD, CEBPA, and NPM1 mutations which helped improve prognostic classification, the response evaluation through quantification of molecular residual disease, and launched the research on targeted therapies leading to the registration of midostaurin as the first FLT3 inhibitor in AML [6, 7]. This evidence concerns the gene NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia.