UBC and cancer: The food and drug administration (FDA) has approved urinary biomarkers include BTA Stat, BTA Trak, nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22), UroVysion, ubiquitin C (UBC), and other assays such as immunocytochemistry (uCyt+ and DD23) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) being widely used for patient follow-up, though with lesser potency in low-grade cancer detection (Charpentier et al. 2021).