For example, diabetic cardiomyopathy is the consequence of chronic activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, which promote cardiac tissue interstitial fibrosis and thereby conduction and repolarisation heterogeneity that increases arrhythmia propensity (40). The gene discussed is REN; the disease is diabetic cardiomyopathy.