AFP and neoplasm: Unfortunately, in both models of multivariate logistic regression, serum tumor markers were not a predictor of progression to M1b stage in patients with GCTC, which may indicate that serum tumor markers (postoperative LDH, hCG, AFP) are more clinically significant in suggesting metastasis in the lung and distant lymph nodes and have limited predictive value for metastasis in other tissues or organs.