TMEM16A activates different signaling pathways in different cancers, such as the EGFR and CAMKII signaling pathway in breast cancer, the p38 and ERK1/2 signaling pathway in hepatoma, the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and bladder cancer, and the NF-κB signaling pathway in glioma 41. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and urinary bladder cancer.