Specific polymorphisms in the human TNFRSF1B gene of which one was shown to impair TNFR2 signaling (52) are associated with inflammatory bowel disease, ankylosing spondylitis, lupus and/or rheumatoid arthritis, supporting the idea that TNFR2 protects against these diseases (40, 53–58). This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF1B and ankylosing spondylitis.