The observation that Th2 cells are increased in asymptomatic ANA+ individuals, most of whom will never develop SARD, is consistent with previous work showing small but significantly elevated levels of Th1- and Th2-associated cytokines in these individuals (46) and studies showing that these cytokines can be seen years in advance of the transition to disease in SLE patients (64–66). This evidence concerns the gene BTG3 and systemic lupus erythematosus.