The ANA testing for these individuals was performed for the following reasons: non-inflammatory arthritis/arthralgias (40%, mostly osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia), sicca symptoms in the absence of objective signs of dryness (15%), healthy mother with a child with congenital heart block or neonatal lupus (14%), urticaria/non-specific rash (11%), family history of autoimmunity (7%), recruitment to the study as a healthy control (6%), and other (7%). This evidence concerns the gene BTG3 and urticaria.