TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis: In support of the role of the cytokine storm as a major pathogenetic mechanism associated with the establishment of PC-associated lung fibrosis, in our previous study we found that PC patients with GGO on chest CT scan were characterized by higher plasma levels of IL-1α and TGF-β, but not of IFN-β, compared to healthy and vaccinated subjects (11).