CASP3 and neoplasm: While apoptotic pathways are often disabled in cancer cells, the caspase-8-caspase-3-GSDME axis leading to pyroptosis may be operative (91): aiming to exploit this, Lu et al. showed that intratumoral delivery of adeno-associated virus expressing the N-terminal domain of GSDME induced pyroptosis in glioblastoma and breast cancer cells, leading to tumor regression and prolonged survival in preclinical cancer models (92), but this has yet to be tested in humans.