Even though LACs after infection in the present SP-A rescue study consist of ~70%–75% AMs and LACs after ozone exposure of humanized transgenic mice exposed chronically to human SP-A1 and SP-A2 constist of ~95% AMs (53, 55), following IPA, some of the signaling pathways were similar for the miRNA-mRNA targets regardless of exposure conditions. Here, SFTPA1 is linked to infection.