In the previously published mouse models where the miRNome and signaling pathways were studied, the mice were exposed to ozone and these were chronically/constitutively exposed to SP-A (53–56), whereas in the current study, the SP-A-KO mice were never exposed to SP-A until experimentation where they were acutely treated with SP-A at the time of infection. The gene discussed is SFTPA1; the disease is infection.