Previously, we have shown that STAT-3 levels were significantly increased after 4 h of post-oxidative stress due to ozone exposure in male AMs from mice expressing the human SP-A2 (1A0) transgene (53) or after 4 h following infection in mice expressing the human SP-A (1A0) or both human SP-A transgenes (55). The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is infection.