This is not only the case for cancer cells: 3T3 cells display sustained NF-κB oscillations upon TNF-α (53), while in immortalized MEFs we observed damped oscillations with few oscillatory peaks and a fraction of non-oscillatory cells (48); mathematical models indeed show that different behaviors are possible depending on the emergence of a Hopf bifurcation (a critical point where a system’s stability switches) (48). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cancer.