Several cytokines are particularly relevant to oral cancer and GC, such as those having proinflammatory functions; IFNγ, IL-6, IL-11 and other cytokines which are predominantly anti-inflammatory, such as transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ), IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 which all signal through the JAK-STAT pathway, except TGFβ, which signals through a receptor tyrosine kinase (57, 62). Here, NTRK1 is linked to lip and oral cavity carcinoma.