Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor is FDA approved for the bone marrow cancer myelofibrosis, polycythemia vera and topically for atopic dermatitis (59, 71, 82, 254) and has also shown efficacy in solid cancers, for example in HNSCC cell lines (256). This evidence concerns the gene JAK1 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.