EPO and Parkinson disease: Pedroso et al. (2012) conducted a study on (n = 10) PD patients to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Cuban recombinant human erythropoietin (ior-EPOCIM). They found that the drug was safe and well-tolerated (Pedroso et al., 2012). PD patients treated had clinically positive and statistically significant cognitive changes after the treatment. Jang et al. (2014) also confirmed that recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) was safe and had beneficial effects on non-motor symptoms (Cognition, mood, and sleep/fatigue) of PD patients (Jang et al., 2014).