CLCN5 and nephrolithiasis: Meanwhile, FGF23-independent types of HR include HR with hypercalciuria (HHRH) (MIM 241530, caused by mutations in SLC34A3), HR with nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis type 1 (MIM 612286, caused by mutations in SLC34A1), HR with nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis type 2 (MIM 612287, caused by mutations in SLC9A3R1), HR with hyperparathyroidism (MIM 612089, caused by mutations in KLOTHO), X-linked HR (Dent syndrome) (MIM 300554, caused by mutations in CLCN5), and X-linked HR (Lowe syndrome) (MIM 309000, caused by mutations in OCRL1) [3, 5].