WNT3A and neoplasm: We next validated the upregulation of Wnt signaling in the 147 LUSC tumor samples by qPCR and the results showed that the expression of key components in Wnt signaling, i.e., Wnt3a, Wnt5a, β-catenin, and TCF4 were all significantly higher in L1-FGGY+ tissues than L1-FGGY− tissues (Fig. 6B), which were then validated in the H520OV−L1−FGGY cell line (Fig. 6C).