First, we performed the 3D tumor sphere formation assay and found that LAPTM5-overexpressing Renca or 786-O cells formed significantly more tumor spheres than the control cells while depletion of Laptm5 suppressed the ability of RencaLuM2b cells to form tumor spheres (Fig. 3e, f and Supplementary Fig. 4p), indicating the involvement of LAPTM5 in self-renewal. This evidence concerns the gene LAPTM5 and neoplasm.