We elucidated a new anti-fibrogenic mechanism of elafin using primary stricturing CD patient-derived intestinal fibroblasts (CD-HIF), primary human colonic epithelial cells, Crohn’s disease patient-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), fresh human intestinal tissues, and 3 CD-relevant mouse models of intestinal fibrosis, including well-established chronic trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)–mediated colitis,26Salmonella-infected mice with cecal Th1/Th17 cytokine activation,27 and CD-like SAMP1/YitFc mice.28 This evidence concerns the gene NELFCD and Cowden disease.