Second, under- or malnutrition has been proven to be associated with an increased risk of infection, and albumin could be used as a marker of adult malnutrition evaluation.[27] Third, low albumin level can also alter the inflammatory response in a number of ways, including scavenging and modulation of cytokine production,[28] and some studies found that hypoalbuminemia was a risk factor related to the onset, complications, length of hospitalization, and mortality caused by various infections.[29] Systemic inflammation may increase bacterial translocation. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and infection.