TOM1L1 and central nervous system cancer: TOM1L1 amplification may enhance the metastasis of ERBB2-positive breast cancer.[16] EMP3 has carcinogenic properties in high-grade gliomas (HGG), and its overexpression may predict poor clinical prognosis in glioblastoma (GBM).[17] However, EMP3 is a tumor-suppressor gene of low-grade glioma (LGG).[18] In our present study, a high EMP3 expression was associated with poor survival, confirming that EMP3 is an oncogene.