Combination of ICIs (especially PD-L1 and CTLA-4)Combination of EGFR-TKIs and ICIsConcomitant or sequential ICI and thoracic radiationPrior thoracic radiationPrior chemotherapyPreexisting obstructive lung diseases (asthma, COPD)Preexisting interstitial lung diseasePreexisting connective tissue diseaseImmunosuppressive treatmentPoor performance status (ECOG PS) of ≥ 2NSCLC compared with melanomaCertain histologies (adenocarcinoma compared to other NSCLC histologic subtypes)Smoking history. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is Airway obstruction.