If the ILD-IPF concurrent with viral infection, the combination of the crosstalk of the NLRP3 inflammasome and viruses can enhance immune responses with inflammasome-associated molecules in the development, progression, and exacerbation of ILD-IPF, leading to the higher risk of HD (6, 7). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.