TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Besides, the levels of proinflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α, chemokine MCP-1, and fibrosis-related factor TGF-β were significantly increased in the model group but decreased in the SX-H/L group (P < 0.05, Figures 7(b)–7(e)), manifesting that SX can mitigate inflammation of NAFLD rats by downregulating the levels of LPS, IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, and TGF-β1.