Two noteworthy biomarkers are uPA (urokinase-type plasminogen activator) and PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), which showed promising results regarding prognostic and predictive validity for adjuvant chemotherapy in lymph node-negative HR-positive early breast cancer but are not widely used in the clinic (Harbeck et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene SERPINE1 and breast carcinoma.