The central pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β) induces increased CXCL7 secretion by ccRCC cells, which can directly act on the surface receptor CXCR1/2 of ccRCC cells (Grépin et al., 2014); CXCL7 also acts paracrinely by promoting the proliferation of RCC cells, which in turn promotes further secretion of CXCL7 by peripheral blood monocytes in ccRCC (Kinouchi et al., 2017). Here, CXCR1 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.