PPBP and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Treatment of nude mice bearing tumors using anti-CXCL7 antibodies may inhibit tumor growth in three ways (Grépin et al., 2014): i) it decreases the activity of ERK and AKT signaling pathways; ii) it decreases the number of Ki-67-labeled tumor cells and increases the number of necrotic regions; iii) it decreases carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA IX) expression and the hypoxic regions associated with the induction of invasive cell production, which results in the inhibition of tumor growth of ccRCC.