KCNJ11 and neonatal diabetes mellitus: Approximately 38.5% of mutations in the KCNJ11 gene, which encodes Kir 6.2 and consists of a single exon containing 390 amino acids, have been identified, which is associated with clinical diseases including but not limited to neonatal diabetes mellitus, maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and even persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (He et al., 2021).