For the therapeutic strategies, it is very important to elucidate a role of transition metals in the physicochemical mechanisms of oxidative stress on neurons, leading to the conformational changes in disease-related proteins, such as α-synuclein (Parkinson's disease, PD), amyloid β-peptide (Alzheimer's disease, AD), TDP-43 (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal lobar degeneration, ALS/FTLD and frontotemporal lobar degeneration, FTLD), and so on (108). The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.