1 Expressions of HMGB1 and TLR4 were higher in epilepsy patients 2 Elevated HMGB1 and TLR4 expressions were both associated with longer seizure duration and increased seizure frequency 3 increased HMGB1 and TLR4 expressions were correlated with a higher possibility of anti-epilepsy drugs resistance. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is epilepsy.