Several studies on acute injury-induced epilepsy animal models have shown that total HMGB1 increased in the blood before the onset of spontaneous seizures and during disease development and that both acetylated disulfide isoforms and disulfide isoforms of HMGB1 progressively increased and constituted the majority of total HMGB1 in the blood. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is epilepsy.