HINT3 and neoplasm: KRAS-Mut tumors showed significant upregulation of tumor migration (TGFBR2-S553 and EPHB3) and PI3K/AKT activation (PIP4K2C and PIK3R1), while the KRAS-WT group was enriched in immune regulation (TAP1/2, IFITM1, and IFIH1-S301) and cellular metabolism (DGAT1 and HINT3) (Figure 1E, Table S4).