RAPGEF5 and neoplasm: In addition to laminin, the GFR basement membrane matrix also contains limited growth factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF-β), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), the effect of these growth factors on TM4SF1-mediated cell migration will also be an exciting part, which will present a more comprehensive picture of TM4SF1’s function in tumor microenvironment.