TNF and viral infectious disease: Is there a common anti-viral metabolic or glycosylation program induced by diverse anti-viral cytokines, e.g., TNFα, IFNγ, IFNα, etc. The answers to these questions will likely shape our understanding of an important host pathogen interaction, that is, the metabolic regulation associated with intrinsic immunity in the face of viral infection and the associated contributions to preventing viral pathogenesis.