Pretreatment with TNFα was sufficient to restrict AD169 and TB40/e infection in MRC5 and ARPE19 cell types, respectively, and restricting glycolysis with 2DG during TNFα pretreatment largely restored the ability of HCMV to initiate infection as in our original model with AD169 and HFFs (Fig 3G). Here, TNF is linked to infection.