PDCD1 and cancer: High-level of immune checkpoint gene expression in tumor tissues is one of the important biomarkers for patients to choose ICIs therapy [31, 32]. In the pan-cancer cohort, we found that LRP2 mutations were associated with high expression levels of multiple immune checkpoint genes, such as PDCD1, PDCD1LG2, LAG3, CD274 (PD-L1) and CTLA4 (Fig. 2B and Fig. S3B).