Mutated ER‐retained TNFR1 self‐aggregates180 and probably transduces inflammatory signals on its own,179, 180, 181 as TRAPS patients' monocytes show ligand‐independent NF‐κB activation,179 particularly as mutated TNFR1 is often unable to bind TNF.181. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF1A and TNF receptor 1-associated periodic fever syndrome.