Hst5 levels in women with vaginal candidiasis and controls were found to be 0.057 ± 0.003 ng/ml and 0.0641 ± 0.003 ng/ml, respectively, and a lower Hst5 level was found to be significantly associated with vaginal candidiasis (p=0.001) (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene HTN3 and vulvovaginal candidiasis.