In rat models generated the same way, Ang II stimulated Mφs to release AT1R-rich sEVs, and by directly transferring AT1R to fibroblasts, upregulated the TGF-β/Small pathway against the decapentaplegic 2 (Smad2)/Smad3 pathway, which is closely related to the fibrosis of various organs, to promote collagen synthesis, fibroblast activation, and pulmonary fibrosis (Sun et al., 2021). The gene discussed is AGT; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.