In rat models generated the same way, Ang II stimulated Mφs to release AT1R-rich sEVs, and by directly transferring AT1R to fibroblasts, upregulated the TGF-β/Small pathway against the decapentaplegic 2 (Smad2)/Smad3 pathway, which is closely related to the fibrosis of various organs, to promote collagen synthesis, fibroblast activation, and pulmonary fibrosis (Sun et al., 2021). Here, AGTR1 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.