TLR4 and myocardial ischemia: MiRNA-148a carried by M2-sEVs, for example, not only alleviates Ca2+ overload and dysregulation of some myocardial ischemia markers by lowering proteins closely related to Ca2+ development but also inhibits thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κβ/NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathways to reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (Dai et al., 2020).