INS and Glucose intolerance: BMM-sEVs transfer miRNA-212-5p to adjacent β cells dor insulin secretion, downregulating sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) in recipient β cells, impairing the SIRT2-mediated Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)/β-catenin pathway, finally disrupting insulin secretion and glucose intolerance in islet β cells (Li et al., 2021e; Qian et al., 2021).