EGF and cancer: In this regard, AC activates the formation of intracellular cAMP-activated PKA and transcription factor CREB, which induces the overexpression of growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), VEGF, arachidonic acid (AA), and proinflammatory cytokines, and consequently stimulates the growth, development, metastasis, and drug resistance of many cancers (44).