People with Type 1 diabetes, and many with late-stage Type 2 diabetes, use rapid acting insulin analogues to control circulating glucose levels in the postprandial phase (e.g. insulin lispro or KP insulin; Humalog®, Eli Lilly & Co.)and the basal phase (e.g. insulin glargine; Lantus®, Sanofi). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.