For instance, CCL2 may enhance the fibrogenic potential of macrophages by inducing TGF-β1 and collagen synthesis 26, is able to also recruit fibroblasts progenitors and to modulate their MMP expression 24, and the abundance of CCR2+ macrophage is associated with LV remodeling and systolic function in heart failure patients 27. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and heart failure.