Largest (n = 515) DPP-4 inhibitor study in moderate to severe renally-impaired diabetic patients, characterized by longstanding diabetes (≥ 16 years) and advanced mean age (≥ 66 years). Vildagliptin treated patients experienced clinically relevant A1C reduction (approximately by -0.8%) with a similar incidence of overall AEs (including hypoglycemic episodes) to placebo [217]. Here, DPP4 is linked to diabetes mellitus.