In advanced human gliomas, high expression of IGSF11 is associated with deep immune infiltration, especially for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, with high level of TGF-β (P < 0.0001), indicating that IGSF11 induces the infiltration of immune cells but weakens their function, finally creating an inhibitory immune microenvironment [71]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to central nervous system cancer.