For example, the response rate of anti-PD1/PD-L1 monotherapy or combination therapy is only about 30% in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [2], but the irAEs’ incidence of anti-CTLA-4 inhibitors is nearly 70% in 1265 oncologic patients from 22 clinical trials [3]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.