MS4A1 and neoplasm: To validate factors identified in our study that affect the therapeutic response to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, we performed mIHC staining on different treatment groups with antibodies CD20, IgG1, IgG3, IgA, CD4, IL-21, including 26 treatment-naive IIIA/IIIB NSCLC tumor tissues and 30 surgical tumor specimens from patients diagnosed with IIIA/IIIB NSCLC and received neoadjuvant pembrolizumab and chemotherapy before surgery (Validation cohort, Fig. 7A).