The most widely studied cell surface markers, expressed on AML stem cells, include CD33 [41, 42], CD123 [43, 44], CD47 [45, 46], CD371 (CLL‐1 or CLEC12A) [47, 48], CD70 [49], CD366 (TIM3) [50, 51], and IL1RAP [52, 53, 54]. The gene discussed is CD33; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.