More recent studies assessing exome mutations in a cohort of 2,250 MDS patients identified somatic mutations in 10 genes enriched in high-risk MDS, including GATA2, NRAS, KRAS, IDH2, TP53, RUNX1, STAG2, ASXL1, ZRSR2, and TET2, while SF3B1 mutations were almost exclusively found in lower-risk MDS (Makishima et al., 2017). The gene discussed is NRAS; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.