Multiple studies have shown that leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in AML immunophenotypically resemble committed progenitor cells such as lymphoid-primed multi-potent progenitors (LMPPs) (Lin-CD34+CD38-CD90-CD45RA+) or GMPs (CD34+CD38+CD123+/loCD110-CD45RA+) (Krivtsov et al., 2006; Goardon et al., 2011; Shlush et al., 2017; van Galen et al., 2019). The gene discussed is CD38; the disease is leukemia.