IL3 and myelodysplastic syndrome: SL-401, a diphtheria toxin interleukin-3 fusion protein, has been shown to induce cytotoxicity in CD123+ blasts from high-risk MDS and AML patients, and a phase 1/2 clinical trial of SL-401 as single agent therapy showed a predictable and manageable safety profile in patients with myeloid malignancies including high-risk MDS, CMML and blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) (Alkharabsheh and Frankel, 2019).