EDN1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Given the distinct role of ET-1 on age-associated impairments in endothelial function in both men (Westby et al., 2011; Moreau et al., 2020) and women (Tan et al., 2003; Wenner et al., 2017), as well as populations with overt CVD risk factors such as hypertension (Nyberg et al., 2013) or overweight/obesity (Dow et al., 2017), the ability for exercise to reduce ET-1-mediated vascular dysfunction is an important area of study.